Continental Philosophy

Continental Philosophy – Online Sociology Degree Resources

Here are some resources on continental philosophy based on European traditions awhile back.  This will help you understand some ideas from philosophers, ranging from Bernhard Bolzano to Emmanuel Levinas and it all ended up influencing our western culture.  Take a look at our other information regarding different aspects of sociology as you continue your learning and studies in the topic.

Continental philosophy is based on traditions of European philosophy in the 19^th and 20^th century. The phrase refers to a range of thinkers and traditions outside the analytic movement, and includes German idealism, phenomenology, existentialism, hermeneutics, structuralism, post-structuralism, French feminism, critical theory, and branches of western Marxism. In general, continental philosophers reject scientism and tend toward historicism. They take a strong interest in the unity of theory and practice, and tend to emphasize metaphilosophy. This article aims to be a resource of continental philosophers and their writings.

• Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
• Guide to Philosophy on the Internet

Journals and Magazines

• Animus: A Philosophical Journal for our Time
• First Things
• The Nation

Pages Devoted to Philosophers

Johann Christoph Friedrich von Schiller (1759-1805)

• Schiller’s “Aesthetic Education” by Roger Kimball [New Criterion, March 2001]

Friedrich Schleiermacher (1768-1834)

• Friedrich Schleiermacher
• Friedrich Schleiermacher

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770-1831)

• Hegel by Hypertext
• The Hegel Network
• Was Hegel Christian or Atheist? by Paul E. Trejo

Bernhard Bolzano (1781-1848)

• The Bolzano Pages
• Bernhard Bolzano (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
• Bernhard Placidus Johann Nepomuk Bolzano (Univ. of St. Andrews, Scotland)

Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860)

• Arthur Schopenhauer (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
• Schopenhauer Links (Episteme Links)
• Arthur Schopenhauer by Kelley L. Ross

Auguste Comte (1798-1857)

• A General View of Positivism
• Auguste Comte and Positivism
  
• Auguste Comte – High Priest of Positivism

Alexis de Tocqueville (1805-1859)

• Tocqueville’s Lament by P.N. Furbank (New York Review of Books, April 8, 1999)
• Tocqueville today by Roger Kimball [New Criterion, November 2000]

Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809-1865)

• Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
• Proudhon and Anarchism: Proudhon’s Libertarian Thought and the Anarchist Movement
• Pierre-Joseph Proudhon

Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)

• Søren Kierkegaard (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
• Infinitely Interesting: Bloom, Kierkegaard, and the Educational Quest by Patricia Rohrer
• On ‘The Seducer’s Diary’ by John Updike [NYRB, 5/29/97]

Karl Marx (1818-1883)

• Karl Marx (The Window)
• Boris Groys and the Specters of Marx by Dragan Kujundzic (Tympanum)
• Study Guide for Communist Manifesto (by Paul Brians)

Wilhelm Dilthey (1833-1911)

• Wilhelm Dilthey

Franz Brentano (1838-1917)

• Psychology from an Empirical Standpoint
• Franz Brentano (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
• Brentano and Kafka by Barry Smith

Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)

• Friedrich Nietzsche (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
• Friedrich Nietzsche Society
• The Domesticated Nietzsche — Werner J. Dannhauser’s review of Berkowitz

Francis Herbert Bradley (1846-1924)

• F. H. Bradley (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Bernard Bosanquet (1848-1923)

• Bernard Bosanquet by William Sweet (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
• Bernard Bosanquet
• Bosanquet and the Legacy of British Idealism

Gottlob Frege (1848-1925)

• Gottlob Frege (The Window)
• Frege Page (Stanford Metaphysics Research Lab)
• Gottlob Frege (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Edmund Husserl (1859-1938)

• The Husserl Page
• Glossary for translating Husserl
• Quotation from Cartesian Meditations

Max Weber (1864-1920)

• Weber on Objectivity in Social Science by Steve Hoenisch

Rudolf Otto (1869-1937)

• Rudolf Otto (Kelley L. Ross)

Rosa Luxemburg (1870-1919)

• A Heroine of Revolution by Hannah Arendt [a review of Rosa Luxemburg by J.P. Nettl, NYRB, October 6, 1966]Ernst Cassirer (1874-1945)
• Die vergessene Tradition: Eine Erinnerung an den Philosophen Ernst Cassirer by Patrick Conley

Martin Buber (1878-1965)

• Martin Buber (Katharena Eiermann)
• Werner J. Dannhauser’s Review of The Letters of Martin Buber: A Life of Dialogue, edited by Nahum N. Glatzer and Paul Mendes-Flohr

Jacques Maritain (1882-1973)

• Reflections on America
• Art and Scholasticism
• The Frontiers of Poetry

Franz Kafka (1883-1924)

• Franz Kafka & the trip to Spindemuhle by Eric Ormsby [New Criterion, November, 1998]
• (In)Felicitous Speech Acts in Kafka’s The Trial by J. Hillis Miller [Tympanum 4]

Karl Jaspers (1883-1969)

• On My Philosophy (1941)

Etienne Gilson (1884-1978)

• Eric J. Scheske’s Review of The Unity of Philosophical Experience by Gilson {Touchstone, Nov 2000)

György Lukács (1885-1971)

• Georg Lukács: The Antinomies of Melancholy by Levee Blanc [Other Voices, v.1, n.1 (March 1997)]

Ernst Bloch (1885-1977)

• Ernst Bloch, Utopia and Ideology Critique by Douglas Kellner
• The Principle of Hope

Karl Barth (1886-1968)

• Karl Barth

Georges Bernanos (1888-1948)

• Georges Bernanos
• Quotations from Bernanos

Martin Heidegger (1889-1976)

• “Hegel and the Greeks” by Martin Heidegger (July 26, 1958, Conference of the Academy of Sciences at Heidelberg)
• Martin Heidegger – Ereignis
• Martin Heidegger

Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951)

• The Wittgenstein Archives
• Ludwig Wittgenstein
• What Happens When Wittgenstein Asks “What Happens When …?” by E.T. Gendlin [Philosophical Forum XXVIII. 3, Spring 1997]

Carl Schmitt (1889-1985)

• The Enemy of Liberalism by Mark Lilla [New York Review of Books May 15, 1997]

Antonio Gramsci (1891-1937)

• International Gramsci Society

Edith Stein (1891-1942)

• Edith Stein, Apostate Saint by David Novak [First Things, October 1999]
• Personal Connections: The Phenomenology of Edith Stein by Marianne Sawicki

Walter Benjamin (1892-1940)

• Benjamin Redux by Gerhard Richter (Review of recent works on Benjamin by Cohen, McCole, Missac, and A. Benjamin and Osborne)
• The Dialectics of Allegoresis: Historical Materialism in Benjamin’s Illuminations by John Parker [Other Voices, v.1, n.1 (March 1997)]
• The Last Intellectual by Susan Sontag [a review of Reflections: Essays, Aphorisms, Autobiographical Writings by Walter Benjamin (NYRB, 10/12/78)]

Herman Dooyeweerd (1894-1977)

• The Dooyeweerd Centre
• The Dooyeweerd Pages

Mikhail Bakhtin (1895-1975)

• Handout on Bakhtin and Boloshinov

Ernst Jünger (1895-1998)

• Ernst Jünger in Cyberspace–Mark iv

Herbert Marcuse (1898-1978)

• Herbert Marcuse
• On Marcuse by Alasdair MacIntyre

José Gaos (1900-1969)

• José Gaos

Erich Fromm (1900-1980)

• Erich Fromm
• Erich Fromm, Feminism, and the Frankfurt School by Douglas Kellner

Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002)

• Gadamer on Art, Morality, and Authority by Kenneth L. Buckman
• Coping with Nietzsche’s Legacy: Rorty, Derrida, Gadamer by Gary Brent Madison
• Obituary by Julian Roberts (Guardian, March 18, 2002)

Karl Raimund Popper (1902-1994)

• Karl Popper Web
• Karl Popper (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)

Yves R. Simon (1903-1961)

• Yves R. Simon’s Papers, University of Notre Dame

Theodor Adorno (1903-1969)

• Theodor Adorno (Illuminations)
• On Adorno, Wagner, and the Trials of Reading by Lutz P. Koepnick [Modernism/Modernity 4.1 (1997): 169-174]
• Hegel: Three Studies
• Aesthetic Theory

G. C. Berkouwer (1903-1996)

• Press release on Berkouwer’s Death

Josef Pieper (1904-1997)

• A Philosopher of Virtue by Gilbert Meilaender [First Things 82 (April 1998): 16-17]

Emmanuel Mounier (1905-1950)

• Emmanuel Mounier and Personalism

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980)

• Jean-Paul Sartre
• “Learning from Sartre” by John T. Mullen
• Bataille and Sartre: The Modernity of Mysticism by Jean-Michel Heimonet [Diacritics26.2 (1996): 59-73]
• In a Cuban Prison –an open letter from Sartre, Foucault, de Beauvoir, Paz, and others on behalf of Dr. Martha Frayde to the New York Review of Books, December 7, 1978

Raymond Aron (1905-1983)

• Technocrats vs. Humanists by George Lichtheim [a review of Aron's Les désillusions du progrès and D'une Sainte Famille à l'autre and other works, NYRB, October 9, 1969]
• Politics of the Possible — Jean Bethke Elshtain’s review of Raymond Aron: The Recovery of the Political by Brian C. Anderson [First Things, November 1998]

Hans Urs von Balthasar (1905-1988)

• The Ignatian Exercises in the Work of Hans Urs von Balthasar by Werner Löser, S.J.

Max Müller (1906-1994)

• Max Müller

Emmanuel Levinas (1906-1995)

• Martin Heidegger and Ontology by Levinas
• Sylvia Plath, Emmanuel Levinas, and the Aesthetics of Pathos by Scott DeShong (Postmodern Culture 8:3 [1998])
• Derrida et Levinas: Ethique, Ecriture, Historicite by Paola Marrati-Guénoun (Tympanum)
• The Ethics of Self-Sacrifice by John Milbank [First Things, March 1999]

Dietrich Bonhoeffer (1906-1945)

• Bonhoeffer and the Sovereign State by Jean Bethke Elshtain

Hannah Arendt (1906-1975)

• Hannah Arendt
• A Special Supplement Reflections on Violence by Arendt [NYRB, February 27, 1969]
• Love and Saint Augustine

Jean Hyppolite (1907-68)

• Re-Spiriting Hegel and the Passage of Deconstruction: Jean Hyppolite and the General Theory of Epochal Transformation by Rajesh Sampath [Journal of Speculative Philosophy 14.1 (2000): 36-61]

Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1908-1961)

• Merleau-Ponty Confronts Postmodernism by Shari Popen

Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986)

• Simone de Beauvoir
• Simone de Beauvoir
• Special Issue: The Work of Simone de Beauvoir

Claude Lévi-Strauss (1908- )

• The Disappearance of Man by Lévi-Strauss [NYRB, July 28, 1966]

Simone Weil (1909-1943)

• Simone Weil
• Simone Weil by Susan Sontag [NYRB, February 1963]

E. M. Cioran (1911-1995)

• E.M. Cioran: To Infinity And Beyond by Stephen Mitchelmore

Albert Camus (1913-1960)

• Albert Camus
• Albert Camus
• The Absurd Hero by Bob Lane

Paul de Man (1919-1983)

• The Literature of Nihilism by de Man [NYRB, June 23, 1966]

Iris Murdoch (1919-1999)

• Denis Donoghue’s Review of The Time of the Angels by Murdoch [NYRB, November 17, 1966]
• “Go(o)d in Iris Murdoch” by Alan Jacobs
• In the Dark Continent by Rosemary Dinnage [a review of Elegy for Iris, NYRB, 3/4/99]

Gertrude Elizabeth Margaret Anscombe (1919-2001)

• Obituary by Jane O’Grady [The Guardian, January 11, 2001]

Karol Wojtyla (1920- )

• Before the Papacy by Thomas Guarino [a review of Karol Wojtyla, The Thought of the Man Who Became Pope John Paul II by Rocco Buttiglione, First Things 82 (April 1998): 39-41]
• On the American Experiment (December 16, 1997)

Imre Lakatos (1922-1974)

• Mitteleuropa am Aldwych — Ian Hacking’s review of For and against Method, including Lakatos’s Lectures on Scientific Method and the Lakatos-Feyerabend Correspondenceby Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend

Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994)

• Mitteleuropa am Aldwych — Ian Hacking’s review of For and against Method, including Lakatos’s Lectures on Scientific Method and the Lakatos-Feyerabend Correspondenceby Imre Lakatos and Paul Feyerabend
• Paul Feyerabend (Stanford Encylopedia of Philosophy)

Jean-François Lyotard (1924-1998)

• Epistemological Reversals Between Chisholm and Lyotard by Michael G. Gunzenhauser

Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995)

• “I’ll have to wander all alone“ (Derrida’s eulogy for Deleuze)

Alain Touraine (1925- )

• Douglas Kellner’s Review of What is Democracy? (Illuminations)

Michel Foucault (1926-1984)

• In Praise of Folly by Steven Marcus [a review of Madness and Civilization, NYRB, November 17, 1966]
• Michel Foucault
• Michel Foucault

Guy Debord

• Guy Debord
• Guy Debord and the Situationists

Wolfhart Pannenberg (1928- )

• When Everything is Permitted by Pannenberg
• Christianity and the West: Ambiguous Past, Uncertain Future by Pannenberg
• The Pope in Germany by

Jürgen Habermas (1929- )

• Habermas Links
• The Jürgen Habermas Web Resource (Steve Robinson)
• David M. Rasmussen’s Review of Between Facts and Norms [First Things 82 (April 1998): 52-55]